How you memorize essays

How you memorize essays Question 4: There are many techniques which have been developed to increase the efficiency of memory . Select 3 techniques , discuss them in detail and present examples of when they can be used. In the world today it is a must to be able to remember things. Memory is a big part in everyones life. Their is hardly a day that goes by when you do not have to remember something. If someone doesnt have a great memory it could cause somewhat of a down fall in their professional life. In this paper I will discuss three different memorization habits and how they can be contributed to ones everyday lifestyle. One of many ways that help people memorize things is in a verbal sense called Rhymes. Rhyming is an easy way for someone to memorize certain things. This method is most common with children in school. Many people that grow up still remember these little detailed Rhymes that help them get threw school. Rhymes are nothing other than little sayings which sometimes make no sense , but when repeated in your mind it helps your recall what is need to know . The Rhyme that I remember best was used in math class I ate and ate until I was sick on the floor eight times eight equals sixty-four that saying is really kind of ridiculous , but I always new what eight times eight was . There are so many sayings out there and everyone of them will help anyone memorize. Rhymes have been and always will have a big impact on helping people in memorization. Another strategy to help on to memorize things is called Acrostics. Acrostics is nothing more than a saying in which the first letter of each word of the saying is the cue to help recall information you need to know . This method is very similar to the method of Rhyming , but you only use the one letter from each word to represent the cue for your needed information. One of the Acrostic phrases that many people were taught for learning notes i...

Day Dreaming Essay Example

Day Dreaming Essay Example Day Dreaming Essay Day Dreaming Essay CONSCIOUSNESS An Altered State of Consciousness The conscious mind is what allows individuals to become associated with the closest form of reality that they can perceive. To achieve a conscious state, the individual should be aware and responsive to their immediate environment as well as their own unique thoughts, feelings, and actions. However, while it may go unnoticed and seem completely effortless, people are continually altering their states consciousness. For instance, when people become bored or uninterested in their current activities, they have the capability to enter a private world in their mind in which they can escape the realities of true and absolute consciousness. â€Å"Our minds may wander during boring tasks because daydreaming is actually the brain’s normal state, rather than a pointless distraction, according to a new U. S. study† (Jones, 2007). According to Malia Mason, a postdoctoral researcher of neuro cognition at Harvard University, psychologists have assumed that individuals concentrate most of their time towards goal-oriented thoughts and that periodically they will have spouts of extraneous thoughts. Conversely, it could be that individuals spend most of their time engaging in less productive thoughts and that they will occasionally have some goal-oriented thoughts and ideas. Furthermore, Mason describes daydreaming as â€Å"a state of mind where thoughts that are experienced by an individual are unrelated to what is going on in the environment around them† (Jones, 2007). Daydreaming alters the consciousness because it is a type of imagination in which the mind forms mental images of scenarios, possibly creating circumstances that the daydreamer has never experienced before. The brain is so fascinating because it has this wide range of abilities to produce effects that include voices and feelings in one’s very own daydream. Although this may seem as if daydreaming is just a gratifying distraction of desirable fantasies, it is actually very beneficial in a variety of ways. â€Å"Psychologists estimate that one-third to one-half of a person’s thoughts hile awake are daydreams, although a single daydream rarely last more than a few minutes† (Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2001). Nevertheless, the time spent on daydreaming can have helpful and advantageous uses and outcomes such as relaxation, maintaining relationships, becoming more productive and accomplishing goals, inducing creativity, and of course, overcoming boredom. When one†™s head is in the clouds and their mind begins to wander, eventually they will begin to feel peaceful and relaxed. Consequently they may be in a better mood, have a clearer mind, and feel refreshed, therefore allowing them to achieve their priorities. Furthermore, it is even possible that if one daydreams about their goals and desired successes, they will in turn work harder and put forth the effort to make those dreams come true. â€Å"The beauty of daydreams is that nothing is impossible† (Frank, 2005-2010). Another positive characteristic of having daydreams usually allows couples to maintain healthy relationships. According to James Honeycutt, PhD, â€Å"happy couples tend to think about one another when they’re apart, which has the effect of psychologically maintaining the relationship. He goes on to say that â€Å"we daydream about the people we love and we imagine sharing good news with them, along with our successes and failures† (Frank, 2005-2010). Also, daydreaming provides the ability for the mind to stay active. â€Å"People with monotonous jobs, like factory workers and security guards, often use daydreaming to keep their minds stimulated and to get them through the day† (Frank, 2005-2010) . According to U. S. researchers, â€Å"daydreaming seems to be the default setting of the human mind, and certain brain regions are devoted to it† (msnbc, 2007). In fact, Malia Mason says that there is this network of regions in the brain that are activated as long as people are not engaged in any focused activities. â€Å"Neurologists and psychologists have debated what goes on when people are not specifically thinking about or doing something, and there had been general agreement that the mind does not simply go blank† (msnbc, 2007). In order to study what exactly takes place in the brain and what parts are activated while daydreaming, a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner (fMRI) may be utilized. This can be done while communicating with the subject being imaged so as to analyze the activity simultaneously. Research has conclusively proved that during daydreaming, many areas in the brain experience a significant rise in activity as well as gaining an increase in the ability to solve complex problems. â€Å"The brain’s â€Å"default network† which is linked to easy, routine mental activity and includes the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), the posterior cingulate cortex and the temporoparietal junction was the only part of the brain thought to be active when our minds wander† (Physorg, 2009). Nevertheless, it was also found that â€Å"the brain’s â€Å"executive network† associated with high-level, complex problem-solving and including the lateral PFC and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex also becomes activated when we daydream† (Physorg, 2009). After performing a study to determine why brains are inclined to daydream, researchers eventually concluded that â€Å"although the thoughts the mind produces when wandering are at times useful, such instances do not prove that the mind wanders because these thoughts are adaptive; on the contrary the mind may wander simply because it can† (msnbc, 2007). Daydreaming may possibly be an ultimate source of multi-tasking. The brain has an amazing capacity to recognize how much attention is essentially available and distribute it to potentially more important thoughts by simply altering one’s consciousness in the form of everyone’s own unique ability to daydream. References * Encyclopedia of Psychology. (2001, April 6). Daydreaming. Findarticles. com. Retrieved February 26, 2010 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0000/ai_2699000083 * Frank, Christina. (2005-2010). Why Does Daydreaming Get Such a Bad Rap? Webmd. com. Retrieved February 26, 2010 from ebmd. com/balance/features/why-doesdaydreaming-get-such-bad-rap * Jones, Hilary. (2007, January 19). Daydreaming Improves Thinking. Cosmosmagazine. com. Retrieved February 26, 2010 from cosmosmagazine. com/news/980/daydreaming-improves-thinking? page=3 * MSNBC. (2007, January 19). Caught Daydreaming? Blame Brain’s Settings. Msnbc. com. Retrieved February 26, 2010 msnbc. msn. com/id/16709755/ * Physorg. (2009, May 11). Brain’s Problem-solving Function at Work When We Daydream. Physorg. com. Retrieved February 26, 2010 from physorg. com/news161280990. html

Definition of Dime Novel

Definition of Dime Novel A dime novel was a cheap and generally sensational tale of adventure sold as popular entertainment in the 1800s. Dime novels can be considered the paperback books of their day, and they often featured tales of mountain men, explorers, soldiers, detectives, or Indian fighters. Despite their name, the dime novels generally cost less than ten cents, with many actually selling for a nickel. The most popular publisher was the firm of Beadle and Adams of New York City. The heyday of the dime novel was from the 1860s to the 1890s, when their popularity was eclipsed by pulp magazines featuring similar tales of adventure. Critics of dime novels often denounced them as immoral, perhaps because of violent content. But the books themselves actually tended to reinforce conventional values of the time such as patriotism, bravery, self-reliance, and American nationalism. Origin of the Dime Novel Cheap literature had been produced in the early 1800s, but the creator of the dime novel is generally accepted to be Erastus Beadle, a printer who had published magazines in Buffalo, New York. Beadles brother Irwin had been selling sheet music, and he and Erastus tried selling books of songs for ten cents. The music books became popular, and they sense there was a market for other cheap books. In 1860 the Beadle brothers, who had set up shop in New York City, published a novel, Malaeska, The Indian Wife of White Hunters, by a popular writer for womens magazines, Ann Stephens. The book sold well, and the Beadles began to steadily publish novels by other authors. The Beadles added a partner, Robert Adams, and the publishing firm of Beadle and Adams became known as the foremost publisher of dime novels. Dime novels were not originally intended to present a new type of writing. At the outset, the innovation was simply in the method and distribution of the books. The books were printed with paper covers, which were cheaper to produce than traditional leather bindings. And as the books were lighter, they could easily be sent through the mails, which opened up great opportunity for mail-order sales. Its not a coincidence that dime novels became suddenly popular in the early 1860s, during the years of the Civil War. The books were easily to stow in a soldiers knapsack, and would have been very popular reading material in the camps of Union soldiers. The Style of the Dime Novel Over time the dime novel began to take on a distinct style. Tales of adventure often dominated, and dime novels might feature, as their central characters, folk heroes such as Daniel Boone and Kit Carson. The writer Ned Buntline popularized the exploits of Buffalo Bill Cody in an extremely popular series of dime novels. While dime novels were often condemned, they actually tended to present tales which were moralistic. The bad guys tended to be captured and punished, and the good guys exhibited commendable traits, such as bravery, chivalry, and patriotism. Though the peak of the dime novel is generally considered to be in the late 1800s, some versions of the genre existed into the early decades of the 20th century. The dime novel was eventually replaced as cheap entertainment and by new forms of storytelling, especially the radio, movies, and eventually television.

Police Subculture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Police Subculture - Essay Example police officer sets individuals apart from society and that it is difficult for them to manage non-police relationships which might be compromised by the requirements of the job or which, according to Stanley (2002), might compromise their job. Chan (1997) documents Australian police and offers new conceptualization of police culture. The author notes that policeminority relations have engaged substantially with reform, and 'the routine brutalism of the cops' seemed to signal not for the need for reform but its failure. She criticises their existing conceptualizations for 'their inability to account for differences in culture, their neglect of the active role played by officers in the reproduction or transformation of culture, their failure to situate police culture within the political and social context of policing, and their silence about the scope and possibility for cultural change' (Chan, 1997; p.12). Police officers working at the 'street' level function in a highly stressful and dangerous professional role. Numerous studies have examined whether police officers exhibit personality traits different from those of the general population (e.g., Carpenter & Raza, 1987; Fenster & Locke, 1973; Hanewicz, 1978; Lefkowitz, 1975; Sheppard, Bates, Fracchia, & Merlis, 1974; Simon, Wilde, & Cristal, 1973). Adlam (1982) concluded that the personality and social attitudes of police personnel change over time. Veteran police officers are more cynical, suspicious, and socially isolated than other people (e.g., Goolkasian, Geddes, & DeJong, 1985; Niederhoffer, 1967; Norvell & Belles, 1990; Skolnick, 1976). Officers are exposed to much more tragedy and human suffering over time than the vast majority of the general population. In addition, police officers become increasingly... Chan (1997) documents Australian police and offers new conceptualization of police culture. The author notes that police\minority relations have engaged substantially with reform, and ‘the routine brutalism of the cops’ seemed to signal not for the need for reform but its failure. She criticises their existing conceptualizations for ‘their inability to account for differences in culture, their neglect of the active role played by officers in the reproduction or transformation of culture, their failure to situate police culture within the political and social context of policing, and their silence about the scope and possibility for cultural change’ (Chan, 1997; p.12). Police officers working at the ‘street’ level function in a highly stressful and dangerous professional role. Numerous studies have examined whether police officers exhibit personality traits different from those of the general population (e.g., Carpenter & Raza, 1987; Fenster & Locke, 1973; Hanewicz, 1978; Lefkowitz, 1975; Sheppard, Bates, Fracchia, & Merlis, 1974; Simon, Wilde, & Cristal, 1973). Adlam (1982) concluded that the personality and social attitudes of police personnel change over time. Veteran police officers are more cynical, suspicious, and socially isolated than other people (e.g., Goolkasian, Geddes, & DeJong, 1985; Niederhoffer, 1967; Norvell & Belles, 1990; Skolnick, 1976). Officers are exposed to much more tragedy and human suffering over time than the vast majority of the general population. In addition, police officers become increasingly aware that many citizens feel uncomfortable interacting with them, even when they are off duty; some people acti vely dislike the police. [Newburn, 2005] Police subculture is often considered as both a cause of police deviance and an obstacle for police reform.

Using the product or service of your choice describe the behaviors in Assignment

Using the product or service of your choice describe the behaviors in making a purchase - Assignment Example Chaudhuri (2006) noted that consumer behaviour is influenced by both internal and external factors. The internal factors include personality, lifestyle, motivation, demographics, attitudes, feelings, beliefs, knowledge etc. The external factors include: ethnicity, family, advice, locality, culture, social class etc. The motive of the purchaser or consumer is one of the important factors influencing the purchase of a car. According to Evans, Foxal and Jamal (2009), motive is the driving force that makes an individual want to obtain a certain product. In this case, the purchase of a car will depend entirely on the needs of the purchaser. A consumer may have certain needs that make it necessary to purchase a car instead of purchasing a motor bike for instance. This needs underpin the processes involved in deciding to buy a car. Again the social status and financial capability of a purchaser also influences the decision to purchase. A buyer with good financial capability will purchase a car based on his social standing in the society and the impression he or she wants to make. Such a buyer not only needs a car, but the car has to conform to certain desired standards. These factors go hand in hand with the lifestyle of the purchaser of the car. According to Graves (2010), the purchaser’s attitude towards a certain type of car in combination to his or her knowledge and ability play a central role in determining whether a purchaser of a car will purchase a certain car. The knowledge of a purchaser of a car with regards to strengths and weaknesses of the car shape his attitude towards the car and this in combination with his financial ability then determine which type of car will be bought. Social factors also influence the purchaser’s choice of a product. According to Underhill (2008), social factors like family, friends and the greater society influence a purchaser’s choice. A buyer will buy a car that meets the criterion that in

The Negative Effects of the Grading System Essay

The Negative Effects of the Grading System - Essay Example While each individual has perceptions of what an A or a C or an F should mean with regard to student achievement, the reality is that these measures are often applied inconsistently and arbitrarily. Letter grades often become efforts to shoehorn subjective learning assessments into an objective measurement system that does not necessarily lend itself to being applied in that way. Further, such grades can be applied with relativism, such as in the context of a bell curve whereby students are given a grade that may not truly reflect their mastery of the subject matter, simply because of their juxtaposition to other students in the class. Ultimately, there are several potentially negative effects of the traditional letter grading scale that warrant a wholesale review of how student performance should be appropriately measured under various circumstances. To be sure, the traditional system may be the best system for some situations, namely where students are objectively tested and scored on the material. However, education is largely becoming a more complex, subjective and nuanced endeavor in a world that is rarely black and white. This paper will assess the appropriateness of the traditional letter grade system for measuring student success in various types of learning environments, and evaluate some of its alternatives. It will also discuss the potential negative consequences of applying the traditional objective letter grade system where it may not be appropriate to do so. The Meaning of Letter Grades A's and B's no longer mean what they used to, largely because they have become the predominant grade given. For example, a recent analysis of grades in Indiana public schools shows 75% of all grades given were either A's or B's, with only 10% being D's or F's (Stockman, 2007, para. 3). That leaves 15% of grades being C, which intuitively would be the median grade. Such an uneven grade distribution begs the question of whether grade inflation is at play, or whether the vast majority of students are really earning these high grades. According to Matthew Hartley, assistant professor of education at the University of Pennsylvania's Graduate School of Education, "It's important to remember that grade inflation is a shift in grades without a corresponding improvement in performance. . . If your institutions are becoming more competitive and selective, it may be that they are admitting better prepared students who are earning A's, which means there is no inflation" (para. 7). Largely due to this uncertainty about how well deserved a grade actually is, letter grades are becoming increasingly irrelevant as students move toward the transition from school to the workforce. As George Kuh of Indiana University asserts, "If you talk with business and industry leaders, they'll tell you grades don't matter . . . What you really want to know is if they're flexible, adaptable, can they work with other people" (para. 30). Thus, it seems a different, more subjective measurement of student performance may be in order if the goal is to help students succeed as working professionals. An approach that evaluates students on their ability to apply what is learned in a way that makes them functional contributors to society would likely be more valuable to

Moral dilemma of whether euthanasia is ethically acceptable Essay

Moral dilemma of whether euthanasia is ethically acceptable - Essay Example This paper weighs in on the ethics of euthanasia as it applies to elderly people near death and suffering, and in the context of such people being in nursing homes and hospices, being administered end of life care. My own experience visiting, interacting with residents and workers, and reflecting on those experiences at Brandon Woods is the mine of concrete experience on which I intend to draw insights into the ethics of euthanasia. This paper situates the discussion of the ethical acceptability of euthanasia in such elderly care settings from the perspective of at least three normative theories of ethics: Kant’s, utilitarianism, and cultural relativism. Ð ¡ultural Relativism:Cultural relativism basically posits that cultural perspectives color what is moral and ethical, and so people from one culture differ from another in terms of what they deem to be moral and ethical, or immoral and unethical. In other words, this perspective takes off from the observation in the natural world, that societies have differing takes on what is right and wrong, so that what is right and wrong in one culture may be at odds with how people in another culture view what is right and wrong. The texts give the example of the Eskimos, for instance, who have differing views on marriage, sex, infanticide, and taking care of the elderly from the west. The text further give the example of two differing cultures having differing takes on what is right and wrong when it comes to disposing of their dead fathers, with one culture practicing what the other culture deems to be immoral and unethical, and vice versa. The practices are eating the dead and cremating them. At the heart of cultural relativism is the position that morality is something that is arbitrary, or at most the result of how different cultures form their opinions about what is right and wrong. In this sense there is no absolute right and wrong, and that everything is a matter of practice, as well as of opinion. The fla w from this conclusion is also made evident in the text. Two or more cultures with differing ethical beliefs do not necessarily rule out the existence of an absolute moral and ethical standard. For instance, that one culture deems eating the bodies of their dead fathers unethical, and that another deems burning the remains of their dead fathers unethical, does not mean that there is no absolute moral and ethical standard with regard to disposing of the remains of dead fathers. It is just that two or more cultures differ in their beliefs. Similarly, that Eskimos differ in their beliefs from western society about marriage and selectively killing children does not mean that there are no absolute ethical standards concerning killing infants, and concerning swinging partners and leaving old people to die in the cold. For another example that drives home this point, that one culture views the world as flat rather than round, or that one culture deems the world to be created rather than be ing the product of evolution, does not mean that there is no absolute truth with regard to the roundness of the earth, or the validity of the proof of evolution theory. The problems with cultural relativism are compounded when one takes off from the premises of the theory and then pursues their logical consequences to the end. For instance, if morality and ethics are relative, then one culture is no better than the other, and there can be no talk of ethical or moral progress. There is only the relative belief of one culture as the basis of ethical judgment. This conclusion flies in the face of historical developments that see morality and